API

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Relationship: 973

Title

A descriptive phrase which clearly defines the two KEs being considered and the sequential relationship between them (i.e., which is upstream, and which is downstream). More help

dimerization, AHR/ARNT leads to reduced dimerization, ARNT/HIF1-alpha

Upstream event
The causing Key Event (KE) in a Key Event Relationship (KER). More help
dimerization, AHR/ARNT
Downstream event
The responding Key Event (KE) in a Key Event Relationship (KER). More help
reduced dimerization, ARNT/HIF1-alpha

Key Event Relationship Overview

The utility of AOPs for regulatory application is defined, to a large extent, by the confidence and precision with which they facilitate extrapolation of data measured at low levels of biological organisation to predicted outcomes at higher levels of organisation and the extent to which they can link biological effect measurements to their specific causes.Within the AOP framework, the predictive relationships that facilitate extrapolation are represented by the KERs. Consequently, the overall WoE for an AOP is a reflection in part, of the level of confidence in the underlying series of KERs it encompasses. Therefore, describing the KERs in an AOP involves assembling and organising the types of information and evidence that defines the scientific basis for inferring the probable change in, or state of, a downstream KE from the known or measured state of an upstream KE. More help

AOPs Referencing Relationship

AOP Name Adjacency Weight of Evidence Quantitative Understanding Point of Contact Author Status OECD Status
Aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation leading to early life stage mortality, via reduced VEGF adjacent Moderate Low Arthur Author (send email) Open for citation & comment WPHA/WNT Endorsed
AhR activation leading to preeclampsia adjacent Agnes Aggy (send email) Under development: Not open for comment. Do not cite Under Development

Taxonomic Applicability

Latin or common names of a species or broader taxonomic grouping (e.g., class, order, family) that help to define the biological applicability domain of the KER.In general, this will be dictated by the more restrictive of the two KEs being linked together by the KER.  More help
Term Scientific Term Evidence Link
chicken Gallus gallus High NCBI
mouse Mus musculus High NCBI
Atlantic killifish Fundulus heteroclitus High NCBI
zebrafish Danio rerio High NCBI
Fundulus heteroclitus Fundulus heteroclitus High NCBI
human Homo sapiens High NCBI

Sex Applicability

An indication of the the relevant sex for this KER. More help
Sex Evidence
Unspecific High

Life Stage Applicability

An indication of the the relevant life stage(s) for this KER.  More help
Term Evidence
Embryo High
During development and at adulthood High

Key Event Relationship Description

Provides a concise overview of the information given below as well as addressing details that aren’t inherent in the description of the KEs themselves. More help

The aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator (ARNT) is common dimerization partner for both the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) and hypoxia inducible factor alpha (HIF-1α). There is considerable cross talk between the two nuclear receptors, leading to the hypothesis that AHR activation leads to sustained AHR/ARNT dimerization and reduced HIF-1α/ARNT dimerization, assuming ARNT is not available in excess (Chan et al. 1999; Vorrink et al 2014b).

Evidence Collection Strategy

Include a description of the approach for identification and assembly of the evidence base for the KER. For evidence identification, include, for example, a description of the sources and dates of information consulted including expert knowledge, databases searched and associated search terms/strings.  Include also a description of study screening criteria and methodology, study quality assessment considerations, the data extraction strategy and links to any repositories/databases of relevant references.Tabular summaries and links to relevant supporting documentation are encouraged, wherever possible. More help

Evidence Map 2.0

ID Experimental Design Species Upstream Observation Downstream Observation Citation (first author, year) Notes

Evidence Map

Addresses the scientific evidence supporting KERs in an AOP setting the stage for overall assessment of the AOP. More help
Title First Author
Biological Plausibility
Dose Concordance
Temporal Concordance
Incidence Concordance
Biological Plausibility
Dose Concordance Evidence
Temporal Concordance Evidence
Incidence Concordance Evidence
Uncertainties and Inconsistencies
Addresses inconsistencies or uncertainties in the relationship including the identification of experimental details that may explain apparent deviations from the expected patterns of concordance. More help

Although crosstalk between AHR and HIF1α clearly exists, the nature of the relationship is still not clearly defined (Vorrink et al 2014). It has been suggested that HIF1α and AHR do not competitively regulate each other for hetero-dimerization with ARNT, as ARNT is constitutively and abundantly expressed in cells and does not deplete due to hypoxia or AHR activation (Chan et al. 1999; Pollenz et al. 1999). Nie et al. (2001) hypothesized that the degree of interaction among ARNT-dependent pathways depends on the abundance of ARNT in the cells. They observed crosstalk in Hepa 1 cells but not H4IIE cells, and attributed this to the ratio of AhR to ARNT of 0.3 (i.e. excess ARNT), compared to a ratio of 10 in Hepa 1 cells (Holmes and Pollenz, 1997)

Some studies have shown that the effect of hypoxia on AHR mediated pathways is stronger than effects of a AHR-mediated xenobiotic response on the HIF1α pathway (Gassmann et al. 1997; Gradin et al. 1996; Nie et al. 2001; Prasch et al. 2004); this has been attributed to the stronger binding affinity of HIF1α to ARNT relative to AHR (Gradin et al. 1996).

Known modulating factors

This table captures specific information on the MF, its properties, how it affects the KER and respective references.1.) What is the modulating factor? Name the factor for which solid evidence exists that it influences this KER. Examples: age, sex, genotype, diet 2.) Details of this modulating factor. Specify which features of this MF are relevant for this KER. Examples: a specific age range or a specific biological age (defined by...); a specific gene mutation or variant, a specific nutrient (deficit or surplus); a sex-specific homone; a certain threshold value (e.g. serum levels of a chemical above...) 3.) Description of how this modulating factor affects this KER. Describe the provable modification of the KER (also quantitatively, if known). Examples: increase or decrease of the magnitude of effect (by a factor of...); change of the time-course of the effect (onset delay by...); alteration of the probability of the effect; increase or decrease of the sensitivity of the downstream effect (by a factor of...) 4.) Provision of supporting scientific evidence for an effect of this MF on this KER. Give a list of references.  More help

Domain of Applicability

A free-text section of the KER description that the developers can use to explain their rationale for the taxonomic, life stage, or sex applicability structured terms. More help

The cross-talk between AHR and HIF1α has been demonstrated in chicken embryos (Ivnitski-Steele et al. 2004) mice (Ichihara et al. 2007) Atlantic killifish and zebrafish (McElroy et al. 2012),  Mummichog (Kraemer et al. 2004) and a number of human cell lines (Chan et al. 1999; Seifert et al. 2008; Vorrink et al. 2014a, Vorrink et al. 2014b).