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Relationship: 2612
Title
Increase activation, Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB) leads to Antagonism, Estrogen receptor
Upstream event
Downstream event
AOPs Referencing Relationship
| AOP Name | Adjacency | Weight of Evidence | Quantitative Understanding | Point of Contact | Author Status | OECD Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alcohol Induced DNA damage and mutations leading to Metastatic Breast Cancer | adjacent | Moderate | Moderate | Agnes Aggy (send email) | Under development: Not open for comment. Do not cite | Under Development |
Taxonomic Applicability
Sex Applicability
Life Stage Applicability
Upstream event: Increased, NF kB activity
Downstream event: Estrogen receptor, Reduced
| ID | Experimental Design | Species | Upstream Observation | Downstream Observation | Citation (first author, year) | Notes |
|---|
| Title | First Author | Biological Plausibility |
Dose Concordance |
Temporal Concordance |
Incidence Concordance |
|---|
Biological Plausibility
Dose Concordance Evidence
Temporal Concordance Evidence
Incidence Concordance Evidence
Uncertainties and Inconsistencies
No specific uncertainties and inconsistencies reported to the best of our knowledge.
Estradiol has been shown to decrease transcriptional activity and expression of NF-kB in a variety of experimental models (Biswas et al., 2005;Lobanova et al.,2007). Estrogen treatment of MCF-7 or MCF-7/H cells resulted in a significant suppression of NF-kB activity in both cell lines, according to research. The antiestrogen tamoxifen boosted NF-kB activity in the cells, indicating that ER plays a key role in NF-kB down-regulation in both parent and hypoxia-tolerant cells.
-MCF-7/T2H cells were discovered to have a partial tolerance to acute cobalt chloride-induced hypoxia while maintaining their estrogen-independent phenotype. In contrast to the MCF-7/H subline, MCF-7/T2H cells had a non-affected baseline NF-kB level, indicating that estrogens are responsible for NF-kB downregulation (Scherbakov et al., 2009).
|
Method/ measurement reference |
Reliability |
Strength of evidence |
Assay fit for purpose |
Repeatability/ reproducibility |
Direct measure |
|
|
Human cell line |
qPCR, western blotting, immunoprecipitation, immunofluorescent microscopy, Luciferase reporter assay EMSA, IHC,Cell viability assay |
Yes |
Strong |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
|
Humans |
qRT-PCR, immunohistochemistry |
Yes |
Strong |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
|
Mouse(A1) |
EMSA,Autoradiography Immunofluorescent microscopy, Westernblotting |
Yes |
Strong |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Response-response Relationship
Differential Sensitivity of ER α and ERβ Cells to the NF-kB Inhibitor Go6976. A differential sensitivity to Go6976 by ER α and ERβ breast cancer cells was observed (Holloway et al.,2004). The ER α cells were more sensitive and less viable after treatment with this NF-kB inhibitor. The IC50 (50% killing) by Go6976 was 1 mM for Era of MDA-MB435 and MDA-MB231 breast cancer cells, whereas it was greater than 10 mM for ERa of MCF-7 and T47D or the normal mammary epithelial H16N cells . At 10 mM Go6976, about 80% of the ERa cells were killed, whereas only 15–30% of ERa and normal H16N cells were sensitive to this compound. The relative resistance of the H16N normal human mammary cells indicates a possible high therapeutic index of Go6976 against ERa cancer cells.
This observation is consistent with the previously observed role of NF-kB as an antiapoptotic agent. FACS analysis demonstrated accumulation of sub-G1 population (67%) in Go6976- treated (48 h at 1 mM) ERa vs. only 10–15% in ERa cells, indicating enhanced apoptotic cell death preferentially of ERa cells caused by this low molecular weight compound.
Time-scale
Key events connected by this KER occur within hours of exposure.
Known Feedforward/Feedback loops influencing this KER
- Multiple pathways are implicated in the crosstalk between NF-KB and ER. Through many mechanisms, including collaboration with FOXA1 to strengthen latent ER-binding sites and trigger translation of their synergistic genes, NF-KB directly interacts with the DNA-binding activity of ER (Franco et al. 2015). Furthermore, NF-KB affects ER via interacting with its ER co-activator or co-repressor, which changes ER transcriptional activity (Park et al. 2005). Similar to ER, NF-KB has been reported to have a role as a downstream effector for the growth factor pathway, which is recognized to be involved in both ligand-dependent and non-ligand-dependent ER activation, leading to resistance to a wide range of anti- oestrogen drugs (Zhou et al. 2005a, Sas et al. 2012, Frasor et al. 2015).
-NF-KB is also involved in the anti-apoptotic pathway and immune surveillance systems, both of which have been linked to endocrine resistance (Hu et al. 2015; Lim et al. 2016). Furthermore, NF-KB inhibition of ER activity has been observed. The zinc finger repressor B-lymphocyte-induced maturation protein (BLIMP1), which can bind to the ER promoter area and restrict ER transcription, is triggered by the NFB subunit RelB. (Wang et al. 2009). Increasing data suggests that NF-KB plays an important role in the complexities of the endocrine resistance environment in breast cancer.
-NF-KB and ERS1 mutations in breast cancer patients who are resistant to endocrine therapy
TNF needs NF-KB and FOXA1 to change the breast cancer cell transcriptome by modulating latent ER-binding sites.
KER has been observed in humans and animals irrespective of the gender and life stage.