API

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Relationship: 2584

Title

A descriptive phrase which clearly defines the two KEs being considered and the sequential relationship between them (i.e., which is upstream, and which is downstream). More help

Increased, circulating estrogen levels leads to Hyperplasia, ovarian stromal cells

Upstream event
The causing Key Event (KE) in a Key Event Relationship (KER). More help
Increased, circulating estrogen levels
Downstream event
The responding Key Event (KE) in a Key Event Relationship (KER). More help
Hyperplasia, ovarian stromal cells

Key Event Relationship Overview

The utility of AOPs for regulatory application is defined, to a large extent, by the confidence and precision with which they facilitate extrapolation of data measured at low levels of biological organisation to predicted outcomes at higher levels of organisation and the extent to which they can link biological effect measurements to their specific causes.Within the AOP framework, the predictive relationships that facilitate extrapolation are represented by the KERs. Consequently, the overall WoE for an AOP is a reflection in part, of the level of confidence in the underlying series of KERs it encompasses. Therefore, describing the KERs in an AOP involves assembling and organising the types of information and evidence that defines the scientific basis for inferring the probable change in, or state of, a downstream KE from the known or measured state of an upstream KE. More help

AOPs Referencing Relationship

Taxonomic Applicability

Latin or common names of a species or broader taxonomic grouping (e.g., class, order, family) that help to define the biological applicability domain of the KER.In general, this will be dictated by the more restrictive of the two KEs being linked together by the KER.  More help
Term Scientific Term Evidence Link
human Homo sapiens High NCBI
rat Rattus norvegicus High NCBI
mice Mus sp. High NCBI

Sex Applicability

An indication of the the relevant sex for this KER. More help
Sex Evidence
Female High

Life Stage Applicability

An indication of the the relevant life stage(s) for this KER.  More help
Term Evidence
Adult, reproductively mature High

Key Event Relationship Description

Provides a concise overview of the information given below as well as addressing details that aren’t inherent in the description of the KEs themselves. More help

Ovarian tumor termed as hyperplasia is characterized as enlarged ovary with increased numbers of corpora lutea and tertiary follicles. In some cases cystic/incompletely lutenised corpora lutea may also be observed. Ovarian tumors may contain Leydig cells and originate within the specific ovarian stroma cells (Sternberg and Roth, 1973). Studies on the female rats have shown increased hormonal levels (e.g. estradiol 17-β, progesterone, prolactin) in the plasma are causing the tumor formation in the ovarian granulosa cell (Long et al., 2001).

High levels of circulating estrogen in the plasma can produce tumors in the ovarian granulosa cells. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging was used for the detection of the ovarian tumors directly (Tanaka et al., 2004). Eriksson et al., had shown the estrogen levels (1 pg/mL ±0.048) in men samples using gas chromatography - mass spectrometry (GC-MS) or liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry(Eriksson et al., 2018). In another study the serum estradiol concentration ranges was determined (~20 - 80 pg/mL) in females during the early to mid-follicular phases of the menstrual cycle and before puberty (~ 20 pg/mL) (Carmina et al., 2019). Barr Fritcher et al., had found that the expression of estrogen receptor (ER) is proportional with age and diagnosed with atypical hyperplasia (Barr Fritcher et al., 2011).

Evidence Collection Strategy

Include a description of the approach for identification and assembly of the evidence base for the KER. For evidence identification, include, for example, a description of the sources and dates of information consulted including expert knowledge, databases searched and associated search terms/strings.  Include also a description of study screening criteria and methodology, study quality assessment considerations, the data extraction strategy and links to any repositories/databases of relevant references.Tabular summaries and links to relevant supporting documentation are encouraged, wherever possible. More help

Evidence Map 2.0

ID Experimental Design Species Upstream Observation Downstream Observation Citation (first author, year) Notes

Evidence Map

Addresses the scientific evidence supporting KERs in an AOP setting the stage for overall assessment of the AOP. More help
Title First Author
Biological Plausibility
Dose Concordance
Temporal Concordance
Incidence Concordance
Biological Plausibility
Dose Concordance Evidence
Temporal Concordance Evidence
Incidence Concordance Evidence
Uncertainties and Inconsistencies
Addresses inconsistencies or uncertainties in the relationship including the identification of experimental details that may explain apparent deviations from the expected patterns of concordance. More help

Zhao et al., had shown serum estrogen concentration decreased to naormal level after three days of the removal of ovarian tumor (Zhiyi Zhao et al., 2019).

Montgomery et al., had reviewed the works on endometrial and mentioned that unopposed estrogen in woman taking the hormone replace therapy increase the risk of endometrial hyperplasia (Montgomery et al., 2004).

Travis et al., had suggested that circulating oestrogens have strong corelation with the increased risk of breast cancer in postmenopausal women (Travis and Key, 2003).

Known modulating factors

This table captures specific information on the MF, its properties, how it affects the KER and respective references.1.) What is the modulating factor? Name the factor for which solid evidence exists that it influences this KER. Examples: age, sex, genotype, diet 2.) Details of this modulating factor. Specify which features of this MF are relevant for this KER. Examples: a specific age range or a specific biological age (defined by...); a specific gene mutation or variant, a specific nutrient (deficit or surplus); a sex-specific homone; a certain threshold value (e.g. serum levels of a chemical above...) 3.) Description of how this modulating factor affects this KER. Describe the provable modification of the KER (also quantitatively, if known). Examples: increase or decrease of the magnitude of effect (by a factor of...); change of the time-course of the effect (onset delay by...); alteration of the probability of the effect; increase or decrease of the sensitivity of the downstream effect (by a factor of...) 4.) Provision of supporting scientific evidence for an effect of this MF on this KER. Give a list of references.  More help

Regulation of gonadotropin secretion, Dysregulation of ovarian function,  Insulin-resistant hyperinsulinism, Modulation of androgen action (Rosenfield and Ehrmann, 2016).

Domain of Applicability

A free-text section of the KER description that the developers can use to explain their rationale for the taxonomic, life stage, or sex applicability structured terms. More help

Increase in circulating estrogen level causing  increase in the ovarian stromal cells observed in adult female (human) also in rodents.