137-26-8 KUAZQDVKQLNFPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N KUAZQDVKQLNFPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bis(dimethylaminothiocarbonyl) disulfide Tetramethylthiouram disulfide Thioperoxydicarbonic diamide, ([(H2N)C(S)]2S2), tetramethyl- AApirol Aatiram Accel TMT Accel TT Accelerant T Accelerator T Accelerator Thiuram Aceto TETD Arasan 50 red Arasan 70-S Red Arasan M Arasan-SF Basultra Betoxin Bis(dimethylaminothiocarbonyl)disulfide Bis(dimethylthiocarbamoyl) disulfide BIS(DIMETHYLTHIOCARBAMYL) DISULFIDE Cunitex Disulfide, bis(dimethylthiocarbamoyl) Ekagom TB Falitiram Ferna-Col Fernasan Fernasan A Fernide Formalsol Granuflo Hermat TMT Hexathir Kregasan Mercuram Methyl Thiram Methyl Tuads Metiurac N,N,N',N'-Tetramethylthiuram disulfide Nobecutan Nocceler TT Nomersan Normersan NSC 1771 NSC 49512 NSC 59637 NSC 622696 Orac TMTD Perkacit TMTD Pol-Thiuram Polyram ultra Pomarsol Pomarsol Forte Pomasol Puralin Radothiram Radotiram Rezifilm Rhenogran TMTD Rhenogran TMTD 80 Rhodiauram Robac TMT Royal TMTD Sadoplon Sadoplon 75 Sanceler TT Soxinol TT Spotrete Tetramethyl thioperoxydicarbonic acid diamide TETRAMETHYL THIOPEROXYDICARBONIC DIAMIDE Tetramethylthioperoxydicarbonic diamide Tetramethylthiuram bisulfide Tetramethylthiuram disulfide Tetramethylthiuram disulphide Tetrasipton Thillate Thioperoxydicarbonic diamide ([(H2N)C(S)]2S2), N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl- THIOPEROXYDICARBONIC DIAMIDE TETRAMETHYL- Thioperoxydicarbonic diamide, tetramethyl- Thiosan Thioscabin Thiram B Thirame Thirasan Thiride Thiulin Thiurad Thiuram Thiuram D Thiuram disulfide, tetramethyl- Thiuram M Thiuram MDP Thiuram TMTD Thiuramin Thiuramyl Thylate Tiradin Tiuramyl Trametan Tridipam Tripomol Tripomol 80 Tulisan Tyradin Vulcafor TMT Vulcafor TMTD Vulkacit DTMT Vulkacit Th Vulkacit thiuram Vulkacit Thiuram C Vulkacit Thiuram TMTD Vulkafil TMTD Vulkafil ZN 96TT09 Vulkazam S Vulkazit Thiuram Zaprawa Nasienna T Thioperoxydicarbonic diamide ([(H2N)C(S)]2S2), tetramethyl- DTXSID5021332 97-77-8 AUZONCFQVSMFAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N AUZONCFQVSMFAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetraethylthiuram disulfide Tetraethylthiuram disulfide Thioperoxydicarbonic diamide, ([(H2N)C(S)]2S2), tetraethyl- 1,1'-Dithiobis(N,N-diethylthioformamide) Abstensil Abstinil Abstinyl Accel TET Accel TET-R Akrochem TETD Alcophobin Antabus Antabuse Antadix Antaethyl Antalcol Antetan Antetil Anticol Antietanol Antietil Antikol Antivitium Aversan Averzan Bis(diethylthiocarbamoyl) disulfide Bis(N,N-diethylthiocarbamoyl) disulfide bis-(N,N-Diethylthiocarbamoyl)disulfide Contralin Cronetal Dicupral Disulfide, bis(diethylthiocarbamoyl) Disulfirame disulfiramo Ekagom DTET Ekagom TEDS Ekagom TETDS Espenal Esperal Ethyl Thiram Ethyl Thiurad Ethyl Tuads Ethyl Tuex Exhoran Exhorran Krotenal N,N,N',N'-Tetraethylthiuram disulfide Nocceler TED Nocceler TET Nocceler TET-G NSC 25953 Refusal Sanceler TET Sanceler TET-G Soxinol TET Stopetyl Tetradin Tetradine Tetraethyldithiuram disulfide Tetraethylthioperoxydicarbonic diamide Tetraethylthiram disulfide Tetraethylthiuram Tetraethylthiuram sulfide Tetraethylthiuramdisulfide Tetraetil Teturam Teturamin Thioperoxydicarbonic diamide ([(H2N)C(S)]2S2), N,N,N',N'-tetraethyl- THIOPEROXYDICARBONIC DIAMIDE, TETRAETHYL- Thiuram E Thiuranide Thioperoxydicarbonic diamide ([(H2N)C(S)]2S2), tetraethyl- DTXSID1021322 14484-64-1 WHDGWKAJBYRJJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K WHDGWKAJBYRJJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K Ferbam Ferric dimethyldithiocarbamate DTXSID8020624 8018-01-7 Mancozeb Manganese, [[2-[(dithiocarboxy)amino]ethyl]carbamodithioato(2-)-κS,κS']-, mixt. with [[2-[(dithiocarboxy)amino]ethyl]carbamodithioato(2-)-κS,κS']zinc [[1,2-Ethanediylbis[carbamodithioato]](2-)]-manganese mixt. with zinc Carbamic acid, ethylenebis[dithio-, manganese zinc complex Carmazine Diesen M Dithane Dithane 945 Dithane DG Dithane F Dithane F 45 Dithane M 45 Dithane M80 Dithane S 60 Dithane SPC Dithane ultra Ethylenebis(dithiocarbamic acid)manganese zinc complex Green-daisen M Indofil M 45 Karamate Karamate N Kascade Liro manzeb Mancomix Mancosan Mancozan Mancozi Maneb-zinc Manganese ethylenebis(dithiocarbamate)(polymeric)complex with zinc salt Manganese, [[1,2-ethanediylbis[carbamodithioato]](2-)]-, mixt. with [[1,2-ethanediylbis[carbamodithioato]](2-)]zinc Manganese, [[1,2-ethanediylbis[carbamodithioato]](2-)]-, mixture with [[1,2-ethanediylbis(carbamodithioato)](2-)]zinc Manganese, [N-[2-[(dithiocarboxy)amino]ethyl]carbamodithioato(2-)-κS,κS']-, mixt. with [N-[2-[(dithiocarboxy)amino]ethyl]carbamodithioato(2-)-κS,κS']zinc Manganese-zinc ethylenebis(dithiocarbamate) Mankogal Manoseb Manzate 200 Manzidan Milcozebe Mycotrin Nemispor Novozir MN Novozir MN 80 Othane M 45 Pencozeb Penncozeb Pennfluid Sancozeb Sandozeb Pepite Tanzeo M 45 Tritogol MZ Vondozeb Zimanat Ziman-Dithane Zimaneb Zinc ion coordinated manganese ethylene-bisdithiocarbamate Zinc manganese ethylenebisdithiocarbamate Zineb-maneb mixt. DTXSID0034695 12427-38-2 YKSNLCVSTHTHJA-UHFFFAOYSA-L YKSNLCVSTHTHJA-UHFFFAOYSA-L Maneb Manganese ethylenebisthiocarbamate Manganese, [[2-[(dithiocarboxy)amino]ethyl]carbamodithioato(2-)-κS,κS']- ((1,2 ethanediylbis(carbamodithioato)(2-))manganese (1,2 ethanediylbis(carbamodithioato)(2-))manganese [1,2-Ethanediylbis[carbamodithioato](2-)]manganese 1,2-Ethanediylbiscarbamodithioic acid, manganese complex 1,2-Ethylenediylbis(carbamodithioato)manganese AAmangan Agrox flowable Agrox N-M Carbamodithioic acid, 1,2-ethanediylbis-, manganese(2+) salt (1:1) Dithane M 22 Ethylenebis[dithiocarbamic acid] manganous salt Graneor MANEB OR MANEB PREPARATIONS, STABILIZED Maneb, or maneb preparations Manebgan Manesan Manganese ethylene-1,2-dithiocarbamate Manganese, [[1,2-ethanediylbis(carbamodithioato)](2-)]- Manganese, [[1,2-ethanediylbis[carbamodithioato]](2-)]- MANGANESE, [ETHYLENEBIS(DITHIOCARBAMOTO)]- Manganese, [ethylenebis[dithiocarbamato]]- Manganese, [N-[2-[(dithiocarboxy)amino]ethyl]carbamodithioato(2-)-κS,κS']- Manganese, ethylenebis(dithiocarbamato) Manganous ethylenebis[dithiocarbamate] Manzate Manzate D NM Drill Box Plantifog 160M Polyram M Rhodianebe Trimangol Trimangol 80 Tritogol M UN 2968 ZZ-Maneb Col DTXSID9020794 142-59-6 UQJQVUOTMVCFHX-UHFFFAOYSA-L UQJQVUOTMVCFHX-UHFFFAOYSA-L Nabam-sodium Nabam (Ethylenebisdithiocarbamate, disodium) (Carbamodithioic acid, 1,2-ethanediylbis-, disodium) DTXSID5020603 137-30-4 DUBNHZYBDBBJHD-UHFFFAOYSA-L DUBNHZYBDBBJHD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Ziram Zinc, bis(N,N-dimethylcarbamodithioato-S,S')-, (T-4)- Zinc dimethyldithiocarbamate Zinc, bis(dimethylcarbamodithioato-κS,κS')-, (T-4)- Aaprotect Aavolex Accelerator L Accelerator MZX Aceto ZDED Aceto ZDMD Alcobam ZM Ancazate ME bis(Dimethylcarbamodithioato-S,S')zinc Bis(dimethyldithiocarbamato)zinc Carbamodithioic acid, dimethyl-, zinc salt Carbazinc Corona Corozate Corozate Crittam Cuman L DIMETHYLDITHIOCARBAMATE, ZINC DITHIOCARBAMATE, DIMETHYL-, ZINC Fuclasin Fuclasin-Ultra Fuklasin Fulasin Hermat ZDM Hexazir Karbam White Methasan Methazate Methyl zimate Methyl zineb Methyl Ziram Molurame Mycronil Nocceler PZ NSC 737 Octocure ZDM 50 Orchard brand Ziram Perkacit ZDMC Pomarzol Z-forte Rhenogran ZDMC 80 Rhodiacid Rodisan Sanceler PZ Soxinal PZ Soxinol PZ Trikagol Ultra Zinc DMC Vancide MZ 96 Vulcacure ZM Vulkacit L Vulkacite L Zarlate Z-C Spray Zerlate Zinc bis(dimethyldithiocarbamate) ZINC BIS(N,N-DIMETHYLDITHIOCARBAMATE) ZINC, BIS(DIMETHYL CARBAMODITHIOATO-S,S')-,(T-4)- Zinc, bis(dimethylcarbamodithioato-S,S')-, (T-4)- Zinc, bis(dimethylcarbamodithioato-S,S'-, (t-4) Zinc, bis(dimethyldithiocarbamato)- Ziradin Zirberk Zirthane DTXSID0021464 12122-67-7 AMHNZOICSMBGDH-UHFFFAOYSA-L AMHNZOICSMBGDH-UHFFFAOYSA-L Zineb Zinc, [ethylenebis[dithiocarbamato]]- Zinc, [[2-[(dithiocarboxy)amino]ethyl]carbamodithioato(2-)-kappaS,kappaS']- ((1,2-Ethanediylbis(carbamodithioato))(2-))zinc [[1,2-Ethanediylbis[carbamodithioate]](2-)] zinc 1,2-Ethanediylbiscarbamodithioic acid, zinc complex Aaphytora Aphytora Aspor C Asporum Azzurro Blizene Carbadine Carbamodithioic acid, 1,2-ethanediylbis-, zinc complex Carbamodithioic acid, 1,2-ethanediylbis-, zinc salt Crittox Cynkotox Deikusol Dithane Z Dithane Z 78 Ethylenebis[dithiocarbamato]zinc Ethylenebis[dithiocarbamic acid] zinc salt Fungo-Pulvit Hexathane Indofil Z 78 Lirotan Lonacol Novozir Novozir N Novozir N 50 NSC 49513 Parzate zineb Perozin Perozin 75B Perozine Perozine 75B Pilzol SZ Polyram Z Thionic M Tiezene Tritoftorol Turbair Zineb Fungicide Zebenide Zinc ethylenebis(dithiocarbamate) Zinc ethylenebis[dithiocarbamate] Zinc N,N'-ethylenebisdithiocarbamate Zinc, [[1,2-ethanediylbis(carbamodithioato)](2-)]- Zinc, [[1,2-ethanediylbis[carbamodithioato]](2-)]- Zinc, [N-[2-[(dithiocarboxy)amino]ethyl]carbamodithioato(2-)-kappaS,kappaS']- Zinosan DTXSID5021465 NBO:0000371 NBO aquatic locomotion VT:0005372 VT life span trait 2 WIKI decreased Sodium metam 2017-08-03T10:46:55 2017-08-03T10:46:55 Dimethyl dithiocarbamate 2017-08-03T10:49:42 2017-08-03T10:49:42 Thiram 2017-08-03T10:52:33 2017-08-03T10:52:33 Disulfiram 2017-08-03T10:53:21 2017-08-03T10:53:21 Ferbam 2017-08-03T10:54:21 2017-08-03T10:54:21 Dazornet 2017-08-03T10:56:26 2017-08-03T10:56:26 Pyrolidine dithiocarbamate 2017-08-03T10:57:41 2017-08-03T10:57:41 Mancozeb 2017-08-03T10:58:52 2017-08-03T10:58:52 Maneb 2016-11-29T18:42:17 2016-11-29T18:42:17 Nabam-sodium 2017-08-03T11:00:28 2017-08-03T11:00:28 Ziram 2017-08-03T11:15:18 2017-08-03T11:15:18 Zineb 2017-08-03T11:18:48 2017-08-03T11:18:48 WCS_7955 common ecological species zebrafish 70862 NCBI teleost fish WCS_90988 common ecological species fathead minnow WikiUser_6 ApacheUser fish Thiol protein adducts Molecular AOPWiki 2017-08-03T11:25:16 2017-08-03T11:25:16 Inhibition of lysyl oxidase Cellular AOPWiki 2017-08-03T11:26:29 2017-08-03T11:26:29 Reduction of collagen crosslinking Tissue AOPWiki 2017-08-03T11:27:35 2017-08-03T11:27:35 Weak collagen matrix Tissue AOPWiki 2017-08-03T11:28:12 2017-08-03T11:28:12 Notochord malformation Organ AOPWiki 2017-08-03T11:29:01 2017-08-03T11:29:01 Reduced, Swimming performance Individual <p>Adequate swimming performance in fish is essential for behaviour such as foraging, predator avoidance and reproduction.</p> <p>For fish larvae, automated observation and tracking systems are commercially available and increasingly used for measuring swimming performance including distance travelled, duration of movements, swimming speed, etc. This kind of measurements is often included in publications describing effects of chemicals in zebrafish larvae (Hagenaars et al., 2014; Stinckens et al., 2016; Vergauwen et al., 2015).</p> <p>For juvenile and adult fish, measurements of swim performance vary. However, in some circumstances, swim tunnels&nbsp;have&nbsp;been used to measure various data (Fu et al., 2013).</p> <p>Little and Finger (1990) discussed swimming behavior as an indicator of sublethal toxicity in fish.</p> <p><strong>Taxonomic</strong>: Importance of swimming performance for natural behaviour is generally applicable to fish and tho other taxa that rely on swimming to support vital behaviours.</p> <p><strong>Life stage</strong>: Importance of swimming performance for natural behaviour is generally applicable across all free-swimming life stages, i.e., post-embryonic life stages.</p> <p><strong>Sex</strong>: Importance of swimming performance for natural behaviour is generally applicable across sexes.</p> Moderate Unspecific Moderate Larvae Moderate Juvenile Moderate Adult High High High <p>Fu C, Cao ZD, Fu SJ. 2013. The effects of caudal fin loss and regeneration on the swimming performance of three cyprinid fish species with different swimming capactities. The Journal of Experimental Biology 216:3164-3174. doi:10.1242/jeb.084244</p> <p>Hagenaars, A., Stinckens, E., Vergauwen, L., Bervoets, L., Knapen, D., 2014. PFOS affects posterior swim bladder chamber inflation and swimming performanceof zebrafish larvae. Aquat. Toxicol. 157, 225&ndash;235.</p> <p>Little EE, Finger SE. 1990. Swimming behavior as an indicator of sublethal toxicity in fish. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry. 9(1):13-19.</p> <p>Stinckens, E., Vergauwen, L., Schroeder, A.L., Maho, W., Blackwell, B., Witter, H.,Blust, R., Ankley, G.T., Covaci, A., Villenueve, D.L., Knapen, D., 2016. Disruption of thyroid hormone balance after 2-mercaptobenzothiazole exposure causes swim bladder inflation impairment&mdash;part II: zebrafish. Aquat. Toxicol. 173:204-17.</p> <p>Vergauwen, Lucia; N&oslash;rgaard Schmidt, Stine; Maho, Walid; Stickens, Evelyn; Hagenaars, An; Blust, Ronny; Mayer, Philipp; Covaci, Adrian; Knapen, Dries. 2014. A high throughput passive dosing format for the Fish Embryo Acute Toxicity test. Chemosphere. 139: 9-17.</p> AOPWiki 2016-11-29T18:41:28 2021-09-08T06:12:30 Growth, reduction Individual AOPWiki 2017-08-03T11:31:38 2017-08-03T11:31:38 Decreased, survival Population AOPWiki 2016-11-29T18:41:25 2016-12-03T16:37:50 #<Reference::ActiveRecord_Associations_CollectionProxy:0x00007b42e9a27bd0> AOPWiki 2017-08-03T11:33:16 2017-08-03T11:33:16 #<Reference::ActiveRecord_Associations_CollectionProxy:0x00007b42e9a41b20> AOPWiki 2017-08-03T11:34:36 2017-08-03T11:34:36 #<Reference::ActiveRecord_Associations_CollectionProxy:0x00007b42e9a57b28> AOPWiki 2017-08-03T11:35:16 2017-08-03T11:35:16 #<Reference::ActiveRecord_Associations_CollectionProxy:0x00007b42e9a6db80> AOPWiki 2017-08-03T11:36:07 2017-08-03T11:36:07 #<Reference::ActiveRecord_Associations_CollectionProxy:0x00007b42e9a8af50> AOPWiki 2017-08-03T11:37:03 2017-08-03T11:37:03 #<Reference::ActiveRecord_Associations_CollectionProxy:0x00007b42e9aa0da0> AOPWiki 2017-08-03T11:37:39 2017-08-03T11:37:39 #<Reference::ActiveRecord_Associations_CollectionProxy:0x00007b42e9abee40> AOPWiki 2017-08-03T11:38:21 2017-08-03T11:38:21 Lysyl oxidase inhibition Brendan Ferreri-Hanberry <p>Stefan Scholz, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of Bioanalytical Ecotoxicology, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany, T +49 341 235 1080, email stefan.scholz@ufz.de</p> Open for adoption 1.0 <p>Exposure of fish embryos to various dithiocarbamates elicited specific notochord distortions. Growth inhibitions in the FELS test for thiram, ziram, maneb and NaDTMC were observed in a range of concentrations close to those causing notochord distortions in zebrafish embryos. This notochord distortion appears to be caused by inhibition of the enzyme lysyl oxidase. Notochord malformation are caused by muscle contractions due to the weak resistance of the extracellular matrix. It can be assumed that the notochord distortions affect swimming behaviour and feeding, leading to the observed reduction in survival and growth observed in the FELS test.</p> adjacent Not Specified Low adjacent Not Specified High adjacent Not Specified Low adjacent Not Specified Low adjacent Not Specified Low adjacent Not Specified Low adjacent Not Specified Low Not Specified Mixed High Embryo Low <p>The evidence for the link between lysyl oxidase inhibition and enhanced chronic toxicity has been provided only for fish and can be concluded from various publications describing the impact of dithiocarbamate fungicides on lysyl oxidase enzyme inhibition, morpholino knock-down studies and embryonic malformations in zebrafish. The link to chronic toxicity is only provided via a meta-analysis of Fish Early Life Stage (FELS) tests that showed high toxic ratios (TR) and acute-to-chronic ratios (ACR) for dithiocarbamates. There is no study available that has analysed the the whole chain of AOP events within a single study and species, which may weaken the confidence in the AOP. Of particular regulatory relevance is the observations of malformations in fish embryos which may used to infer chronic fish toxicity from short term fish embryo tests.</p> <p>Fish, embryonic, larvae, juveniles</p> <p>All key events are considered as essential but the weight-of-evidence is weak to mediocre given that MIEs, KEs and AO have been partially investigated in different studies with different experimental set-up.</p> <p>Strong evidence for individual KER relationships that were however, provided from individual disconnected studies with different experimental setups and species. Therefore, the overall weight of evidence is estimated as weak.</p> <p>Quantitative data are available from Tilton et al. (2006) which demonstrate a clear concentration - dependency of notochord malformation in zebrafish embryos exposed to diverse dithiocarbamates.No observed effect levels were calculated for the test compounds in this study. Similar malformations were shown for selected concentrations (probably concentration-dependent but not explicitely specified in the original publication) were also observed for rainbow trout (Leeuwen et al. 1986). A concentration dependent inhibition was shown for the enzyme lysyl oxidase in zebrafish by Boxtel et al. (2010). Morpholino injection in zebrafish to confirm that the observed notochord malformation phenotype is caused by interference with lysyl oxidase has been only provided for single selected concentrations and provoke the same phenotype as lysyl oxidase inhibition.</p> Low Moderate High Moderate Moderate Low Low Low Moderate Low Moderate Low <p style="text-align:justify">Haendel, M.A., Tilton, F., Bailey, G.S., Tanguay, R.L., 2004. Developmental Toxicity of the Dithiocarbamate Pesticide Sodium Metam in Zebrafish. Tox. Sci. 81, 390-400.</p> <p>Scholz, S., Schreiber, R., Armitage, J., Mayer, P., Escher, B., Lidzba, A., L&eacute;onard, M., Altenburger, R., Meta-analysis of fish early life stage tests &ndash;&nbsp; association of toxic ratios and acute-to-chronic ratios with modes of action<br /> <em>Manuscript in preparation</em>.</p> <p style="text-align:justify">Tilton, F., La Du, J.K., Vue, M., Alzarban, N., Tanguay, R.L., 2006. Dithiocarbamates have a common toxic effect on zebrafish body axis formation. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 216, 55-68.</p> <p style="text-align:justify">Van Leeuwen, C.J., Espeldoorn, A., Mol, F., 1986. Aquatic toxicological aspects of dithiocarbamates and related compounds. III. Embryolarval studies with rainbow trout (<em>Salmo gairdneri</em>). Aquat. Toxicol. 9, 129-145.</p> AOPWiki 2017-08-03T09:52:03 2023-09-25T16:26:57