54739-18-3 CJOFXWAVKWHTFT-XSFVSMFZSA-N CJOFXWAVKWHTFT-XSFVSMFZSA-N Fluvoxamine 1-Pentanone, 5-methoxy-1-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-, O-(2-aminoethyl)oxime, (1E)- DTXSID2044002 PR:000015189 PR sodium-dependent serotonin transporter UBERON:0003978 UBERON valve PCO:0000001 PCO population of organisms GO:0098810 GO neurotransmitter reuptake GO:0051610 GO serotonin uptake GO:0050881 GO musculoskeletal movement GO:0022414 GO reproductive process GO:0001820 GO serotonin secretion 2 WIKI decreased 1 WIKI increased Fluoxetine 2016-11-29T18:42:27 2016-11-29T18:42:27 Fluvoxamine 2016-11-29T18:42:27 2016-11-29T18:42:27 WCS_396373 common ecological species bivalves Inhibition, 5-hydroxytryptamine transporter (5-HTT; SERT) Molecular <p>Inhibitors of the serotonin reuptake transporter (SERT; 5-hydroxytryptamine transporter; 5-HTT) block the reuptake of the neurotransmitter serotonin, increasing its residence time in synapses. </p> <p><em> Toxcast assays that target the serotonin transporter (5-HTT; SERT) gene SLC6A4 include: NVS_TR_rSERT,NVS_TR_rSERT. </em> </p> CL:0000100 CL motor neuron AOPWiki 2016-11-29T18:41:25 2017-09-16T10:15:51 Increased, valve movement Tissue <p>In bivalves, the muscle involved in valve movement is the anterior byssus retractor muscle (ABRM). This muscle and other muscles can undergo a catch state of contraction, which is characterized by a very slowly decaying force in the absence of stimulation. When contraction of the ABRM (and other catch-capable muscles) is initiated by the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, it contracts actively and remains in the contracted state with minimal energetic investment (Güth et al. 1984; Butler et al. 1998) even after the acetylcholine stimulation has ceased and internal calcium stores are returned to basal levels(Ishii et al. 1989). This unique physiology allows the muscle to maintain a closed valve without depleting energy reserves. In mollusks, the catch state is terminated by serotonin. </p> Not Specified AOPWiki 2016-11-29T18:41:30 2016-12-03T16:37:53 Increase, cilia movement Tissue <p>Cilia in the gills and pedal of mollusks are under serotonergic control. Serotonergic neurotransmission results in increased levels of cAMP which, in turn, activate protein kinase A (PKA). PKA phosphorylates Serine and threonine residues, which directly increases or decreases the activities of numerous proteins. PKA also activates CREB which binds the cAMP response element, altering downstream gene transcription. In the bivalve Mytilus galloprovincialis, two isoforms of PKA have been identified with regulatory subunits R(myt1) and R(myt 2). The isoform with R(myt2)appears to mediate cAMP control over cilia beat frequency(Bardales et al., 2011).</p> <p><em>Cilia beat frequency (CBF) may be measured by use of video microscopy. Schmid et al., 2006 measured CBF by infrared differential interference contrast (IR-DIC) video microscopy. </em></p> <p>Bardales, J. R., J. L. Cascallana and A. Villamar&iacute;n (2011). &quot;Differential distribution of cAMP-dependent protein kinase isoforms in various tissues of the bivalve mollusc Mytilus galloprovincialis.&quot; Acta Histochemica 113(7): 743-748.</p> <p>Schmid, A., G. Bai, N. Schmid, M. Zaccolo, L. E. Ostrowski, G. E. Conner, N. Fregien and M. Salathe (2006). &quot;Real-time analysis of cAMP-mediated regulation of ciliary motility in single primary human airway epithelial cells.&quot; Journal of Cell Science 119(20): 4176-4186.</p> AOPWiki 2016-11-29T18:41:25 2017-01-13T16:27:42 Induced parturition Individual AOPWiki 2017-01-13T15:40:08 2017-01-13T15:40:08 increased mantel display Organ AOPWiki 2017-01-13T15:39:38 2017-01-13T15:39:38 Increased, Reproductive Success Individual AOPWiki 2016-11-29T18:41:30 2016-12-03T16:37:53 Increased, Population Population AOPWiki 2016-11-29T18:41:30 2016-12-03T16:37:53 Increased, serotonin (5-HT) Cellular <p>Increased concentration of serotonin in neuronal junctions either due to increased release of serotonin or diminished reuptake.</p> CL:0000100 CL motor neuron AOPWiki 2016-11-29T18:41:25 2017-09-16T10:15:52 #<Reference::ActiveRecord_Associations_CollectionProxy:0x00007b4300712e38> AOPWiki 2017-01-13T11:18:20 2017-01-13T11:18:20 #<Reference::ActiveRecord_Associations_CollectionProxy:0x00007b4300734808> AOPWiki 2017-01-13T15:43:41 2017-01-13T15:43:41 #<Reference::ActiveRecord_Associations_CollectionProxy:0x00007b430076cf78> AOPWiki 2017-01-13T15:44:21 2017-01-13T15:44:21 #<Reference::ActiveRecord_Associations_CollectionProxy:0x00007b43007fbe80> AOPWiki 2017-01-13T15:49:20 2017-01-13T15:49:20 #<Reference::ActiveRecord_Associations_CollectionProxy:0x00007b430085a548> AOPWiki 2016-11-29T18:41:37 2016-12-03T16:38:05 #<Reference::ActiveRecord_Associations_CollectionProxy:0x00007b4310b74bd8> AOPWiki 2017-01-13T16:48:11 2017-01-13T16:48:11 #<Reference::ActiveRecord_Associations_CollectionProxy:0x00007b4310c56380> AOPWiki 2016-11-29T18:41:34 2016-12-03T16:37:58 #<Reference::ActiveRecord_Associations_CollectionProxy:0x00007b43046402b8> AOPWiki 2017-01-17T01:02:16 2017-01-17T01:02:16 #<Reference::ActiveRecord_Associations_CollectionProxy:0x00007b43046f1f68> AOPWiki 2017-01-30T12:23:43 2017-01-30T12:23:43 #<Reference::ActiveRecord_Associations_CollectionProxy:0x00007b4304713938> AOPWiki 2017-01-30T12:24:16 2017-01-30T12:24:16 #<Reference::ActiveRecord_Associations_CollectionProxy:0x00007b4304733490> AOPWiki 2017-01-30T12:25:43 2017-01-30T12:25:43 #<Reference::ActiveRecord_Associations_CollectionProxy:0x00007b4308a98690> AOPWiki 2017-01-30T12:20:53 2017-01-30T12:20:53 5-HTT inhibition leading to population increase Evgeniia Kazymova BY-SA 1.29 1.0 <p><span style="color:rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family:helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:10.5pt">Anti-depressants such as fluoxetine inhibit the reuptake of 5-HT by blocking the 5-HTT, causing an increase in serotonin levels at neural junctions.&nbsp; Movement-related endpoints in molluscs may be highly sensitive to 5-HTT inhibition, empirical evidence also supports a putative AO for reproductive health because serotonin is reported to control oocyte maturation, spawning and glochidia release (Ram 1993, Bringolf 2010, Meechonkit 2010,Lazarra 2012). Exposure of native freshwater mussels to fluoxetine induced premature release of glochidia resulting in non-viable larvae (Bringolf 2010), however most reports&nbsp;indicate&nbsp;increased serotinergic signaling results in&nbsp;the release of either viable gametes or glochidia.&nbsp; Release is, in part, dependent on the&nbsp;water&nbsp;pumping rate and coordination with cilia, at least in some&nbsp;bivalves.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></p> adjacent Not Specified Not Specified adjacent Not Specified Not Specified adjacent Not Specified Not Specified adjacent Not Specified Not Specified adjacent Not Specified Not Specified adjacent Not Specified Not Specified adjacent Not Specified Not Specified adjacent Not Specified Not Specified adjacent Not Specified Not Specified non-adjacent Not Specified Not Specified non-adjacent Not Specified Not Specified non-adjacent Not Specified Not Specified AOPWiki 2017-01-13T16:19:04 2023-09-25T16:26:55