298-46-4 FFGPTBGBLSHEPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N FFGPTBGBLSHEPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbamazepine Carbazepine 5H-Dibenz[b,f]azepine-5-carboxamide 5-Carbamoyl-5H-dibenz[b,f]azepine 5H-Dibenzo [b,f] azepine-5-carboxamide Amizepin Calepsin Carbamazepen Carbamazepin carbamazepina Carbatrol Carbelan Finlepsin Geigy 32883 Karbamazepin Karbelex Karberol Neurotol Neurotop NSC 169864 Stazepine Tegretal Tegretol Tegretol XR Telesmin Timonil DTXSID4022731 97240-79-4 KJADKKWYZYXHBB-XBWDGYHZSA-N KJADKKWYZYXHBB-XBWDGYHZSA-N Topiramate β-D-Fructopyranose, 2,3:4,5-bis-O-(1-methylethylidene)-, sulfamate 2,3:4,5-Bis-O-(1-methylethylidene) β-D-fructopyranose sulfamate Epitoma Epitomax Topamac Topamax Topimax Topomax β-D-Fructopyranose, 2,3:4,5-bis-O-(1-methylethylidene)-, 1-sulfamate DTXSID8023688 1951-25-3 IYIKLHRQXLHMJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N IYIKLHRQXLHMJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Amiodarone Methanone, (2-butyl-3-benzofuranyl)[4-[2-(diethylamino)ethoxy]-3,5-diiodophenyl]- 2-Butyl-3-[3,5-diiodo-4-(2-diethylaminoethoxy)benzoyl]benzofuran 2-Butyl-3-benzofuranyl p-[(2-diethylamino)ethoxy]-m,m-diiodophenyl ketone 2-n-Butyl-3',5'-diiodo-4'-N-diethylaminoethoxy-3-benzoylbenzofuran Amidorone Amiodaron amiodarona Ancaron Ketone, 2-butyl-3-benzofuranyl 4-[2-(diethylamino)ethoxy]-3,5-diiodophenyl Sedacoron Sedacorone DTXSID7022592 68291-97-4 UBQNRHZMVUUOMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N UBQNRHZMVUUOMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zonisamide 1,2-Benzisoxazole-3-methanesulfonamide DTXSID9046023 137-58-6 NNJVILVZKWQKPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N NNJVILVZKWQKPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lidocaine Acetamide, 2-(diethylamino)-N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)- 2-(Diethylamino)-2',6'-acetoxylidide 2-(Diethylamino)-N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)acetamide 2',6'-Acetoxylidide, 2-(diethylamino)- 2-Diethylamino-2,6'-acetoxylidide Anbesol Anestacon Aritmal Cuivasil Dalcaine Duncaine ELA-Max Esracaine Isicaina Isicaine Jetocaine Leostesin Lida-Mantle Lidocadren Lidocain lidocaina Lidoderm Lignocaine Maricaine NSC 40030 Remicaine Rucaina Solarcaine Solcain Trachisan Xycaine Xylestesin Xylocain XYLOCAINE Xylocitin α-Diethylamino-2,6-acetoxylidide DTXSID1045166 PR:000002095 PR sodium channel protein type 1 subunit alpha CHEBI:29101 CHEBI sodium(1+) CHEBI:16865 CHEBI gamma-aminobutyric acid GO:0019871 GO sodium channel inhibitor activity GO:0023052 GO signaling GO:0006810 GO transport 2 WIKI decreased Carbamazepine 2016-11-29T18:42:27 2016-11-29T18:42:27 Topiramate 2016-11-29T18:42:27 2016-11-29T18:42:27 Tetrodotoxin 2016-11-29T18:42:27 2016-11-29T18:42:27 Amiodarone 2016-11-29T18:42:27 2016-11-29T18:42:27 Phenytoin 2016-11-29T18:42:27 2016-11-29T18:42:27 Valproate 2016-11-29T18:42:27 2016-11-29T18:42:27 Zonisamide 2016-11-29T18:42:27 2016-11-29T18:42:27 Lidocaine 2016-11-29T18:42:27 2016-11-29T18:42:27 Inhibition, sodium channel Molecular <p>Voltage-gated sodium channels consist of an alpha subunit and auxiliary beta subunits. The alpha subunit is the ion pore-forming component of the channel and is organized into four homologous domains (I- IV), each with six trans-membrane alpha helices (S1-S6). Between the S5 and S6 segments, there is a pore loop which is a primary target for anti-epileptic drugs. The segments between S5 and S6 in each of the four domains create extracellular pore loops. Amino acid changes in the poor loops within domains II and IV determine if the ion channel is sensitive to sodium or calcium ions. Anti-epileptic, anti-arrhythmic and anesthetics all may bind this same site, but their action may be voltage-specific. For example, phenytoin is an ineffective block of hyperpolarized (e.g., -100mV) sodium channels, but is more effective at blocking progressively depolarized potentials (e.g., -80 to -30 mV). </p> <p><em> Voltage-clamp recordings of sodium currents is a general means of detection. ToxCast assay NVS_IC_rNaCh_site 2 also measures binding to the sodium channel receptor. </em> </p> CL:0000255 CL eukaryotic cell <p>Ragsdale, D.S. and Avoli, M. 1998. Sodium channels as molecular targets for antiepileptic drugs. Brain Research Reviews 26:16-28. </p><p>Pless, S.A., Galpin, J.D., Frankel, A., and Ahern, C.A. 2011. Molecular basis for class Ib anti-arrhythmic inhibition of cardiac sodium channels. Nat Commun 2:351. </p> AOPWiki 2016-11-29T18:41:25 2017-09-16T10:15:48 Decreased, sodium conductance 2 Cellular AOPWiki 2016-11-29T18:41:30 2016-12-03T16:37:53 Decreased, GABA release Cellular AOPWiki 2016-11-29T18:41:30 2016-12-03T16:37:53 #<Reference::ActiveRecord_Associations_CollectionProxy:0x00007b42e9c4ed28> AOPWiki 2016-11-29T18:41:37 2016-12-03T16:38:06 #<Reference::ActiveRecord_Associations_CollectionProxy:0x00007b42e9ce3478> AOPWiki 2016-11-29T18:41:37 2016-12-03T16:38:06 Nav1.1 inhibition to population decline Evgeniia Kazymova <p>Kellie Fay</p> BY-SA 1.29 1.0 adjacent Not Specified Not Specified adjacent Not Specified Not Specified AOPWiki 2016-11-29T18:41:17 2023-09-25T16:26:55